ACE also promotes inflammation mainly in women, increasing TNF-α, NF-κB, and reactive oxygen species.<h4>Conclusion</h4>These results show that the neonicotinoid ACE worsens AT dysfunction via inflammatory and metabolic pathways in a sex-specific way, likely leading to different risks of obesity-related complications. Here, TNF is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.