Additionally, the predictive performance of 10 machine learning models was systematically compared.<h4>Results</h4>Pulmonary hypertension, respiratory failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), surgical type, age, albumin level, hemoglobin level, and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) level were identified as independent risk factors for perioperative pneumonia. The gene discussed is ALB; the disease is respiratory failure.