For IL-1β > 25 pg./mL, the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis within this dataset yielded areas under the curve of 0.833 (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) and 0.804 (<i>p</i> = 0.0094) for peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis, respectively, suggesting possible discriminatory ability.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Elevated IL-1β levels in PICF at 3 months postoperatively may serve as a potential predictor of peri-implant disease at 12 months after implant placement. The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is Peri-Implantitis.