AMH and hypertrophy: Additionally, we also provide genetic evidence that the phenotypes exhibited by amh, bmpr2a, and bmpr1bb mutants, e.g., gonadal hypertrophy, were all dependent on gonadotropin signaling, and that the two gonadotropins (FSH and LH) could both drive the development of hypertrophic gonadal growth resulting from dysfunction in the Amh-Bmpr2a-Bmpr1bb signaling pathway, with FSH showing a more immediate effect in females.