Mechanistically, the combined therapy upregulated the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins BAX and PUMA as well as cell cycle regulator p27, while downregulating anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and nuclear export protein XPO1.<h4>Discussion</h4>This study confirms that selinexor enhances the sensitivity of HCC cells to sorafenib by regulating the BAX/Bcl-2/PUMA apoptotic pathway and the XPO1/p27 cell cycle pathway. Here, BCL2 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.