IL2 and neoplasm: Compared to the control group, the early LTP group exhibited a significant reduction in CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells (P = 0.040) and IL-2 levels (P = 0.020), whereas IL-10 (P < 0.001) and IL-6 (P = 0.004) levels were significantly elevated.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Large tumor size, proximity to the pulmonary hilum, and an insufficient ablative safety margin are key risk factors for early LTP post-MWA.