NLRP3 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Building on these insights, we discuss a translational path centered on composite biomarker panels that integrate immune-exhaustion signatures, senescence mediators, NAD+-SIRT1 status, mitochondrial injury markers, and NLRP3 activity, and we consider low-intensity, multi-target therapeutic strategies designed to overcome the limitations of single-pathway treatments in COPD.