Importantly, MED promoted cecal microbiota balance, whereas HED impaired intestinal barrier function (ZO-1) and induced inflammation.<h4>Conclusion</h4>These results suggest that dietary energy levels modulate FI through BGA remodeling, integrating appetite hormones, hypothalamic signaling, and gut health, with high-energy diets increasing weight at the expense of intestinal integrity. This evidence concerns the gene TJP1 and hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia.