Moreover, IgG responses to the latest emerging variants at the time of study (XBB.1.5, JN.1) declined in both groups, while mucosal IgA was more durable in controls.<h4>Conclusion</h4>These findings underscore the critical role of mucosal IgA in protection and highlight persistent vulnerability in PAD patients despite IgG replacement therapy. Here, CD79A is linked to peripheral arterial disease.