To contextualize these findings, temporal expression changes were evaluated in a cryoablation model of benign fibroadenoma.<h4>Results</h4>Nine genes associated with inflammatory and apoptotic signaling-<i>CXCL8</i>, <i>BCL2</i>, <i>BAX</i>, <i>CASP1</i>, <i>CASP9</i>, <i>TP53</i>, <i>CDKN1A</i>, <i>CDKN1B</i>, and <i>MMP9</i>-consistently distinguished cancerous from control tissue across all subtypes at both messenger RNA and protein levels. The gene discussed is CDKN1B; the disease is Fibroadenoma.