PARP1 and diabetic kidney disease: The siPARP1-NPs@RBCm-BMS-α system demonstrated favorable physicochemical stability, effective siRNA encapsulation, enhanced podocyte targeting, and improved renal structure and function <i>in vivo</i>.<h4>Discussion</h4>These findings identify PARP1 as a key regulator of podocyte injury in DN via the TGFβ/Smads pathway and support the biomimetic receptor-relevant siRNA platform as a promising targeted therapeutic strategy for diabetic nephropathy.