Serum factor analysis showed reduced levels of interleukin-34 (IL-34) and platelet factor 4 (PF4) and increased levels of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) , insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) , IL-6, P-selectin, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) , and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) in MM patients (all <i>P</i><0.05) , whereas vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels did not differ significantly (<i>P</i>=0.086) . Here, PF4 is linked to Miyoshi myopathy.