Multivariate logistic regression incorporating preoperative variables identified cystatin C (OR: 11.541, 95% CI: 3.811 -34.953 , P&lt; 0.001), WBC count (OR: 1.122, 95% CI: 1.013-1.242, P= 0.028), and history of hypertension (OR: 3.080, 95% CI: 1.188-7.990) as independent risk factors for postoperative AKI. Here, CST3 is linked to Hypertension.