PSPH and urinary bladder cancer: <i>PSPH</i>, a core model gene, was overexpressed in tumor tissues and cell lines, and functional assays demonstrated its role in promoting proliferation, migration, invasion, and survival of bladder cancer cells.<h4>Conclusions</h4>This study highlights the central role of amino acid metabolic networks in shaping bladder cancer heterogeneity and provides a metabolically grounded framework for risk stratification and therapeutic development.