SOD1 and diabetes mellitus: Blood samples collected at this point were used to determine catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and blood rheological parameters.<h4>Results</h4>Vitamin D supplementation enhanced antioxidant-related parameters and improved blood rheological indices, particularly when administered therapeutically.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Vitamin D shows therapeutic potential in attenuating oxidative imbalance and improving blood rheology in streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus.