SOD1 and obesity disorder: This protective effect was associated with significantly enhanced expression of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPx) in muscle tissue.<h4>Conclusions</h4>These findings suggest that MG5012 and MG741 confer systemic metabolic benefits through the modulation of the gut-liver-muscle axis and may serve as promising functional food ingredients for the management of MASLD and obesity-associated muscle atrophy.