PPARGC1A and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Plasma and adipose tissue IL-27 levels, as well as p38 MAPK-PGC-1α signalling pathway activation, were significantly elevated in both training groups, with greater increases in HHT.<h4>Conclusion</h4>HIIT promotes adipose tissue browning by activating the IL-27 signalling pathway and ameliorates obesity-associated metabolic disorders more effectively than MAIT, supporting its potential as a therapeutic strategy for obesity.