SOD1 and sickle cell disease: The antioxidant markers Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx), Reduced Glutathione (GSH), catalase, Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), and Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) reported respective SMDs of -1.97 [-2.32; -1.63] (p <0.01), -3.01 [-3.50; -2.52] (p <0.01), -1.39 [-1.58; -1.20] (p <0.01), -1.99 [-1.92; -1.47] (p <0.01), and-1.58 [-1.90; -1.25] (p <0.01), reflecting the strong negative influence of sickle cell disease on the activity of these enzymes.