TNFRSF11A and cartilage-hair hypoplasia: Whole-exome sequencing of 564 unrelated CHH probands identified six rare heterozygous variants in TNFRSF11A (RANK) in six unrelated probands who do not carry any known CHH gene defect, each with a minor allele frequency (MAF) < 0.1% in gnomAD v4.0 (16), collectively found in 1% of the cohort (n = 6), including four CHH individuals with anosmia (termed Kallmann syndrome) (Table 1).