TNF and Hyperglycemia: Cytokine concentrations (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10) were measured using ELISA, whilst NF-κB, IL-6, HSP-70, and HSP-10 expression in calvarial tissue was assessed by immunohistochemistry.<h4>Results</h4>LPS, in conjunction with hyperglycemia, significantly increased pro-inflammatory cytokines and NF-κB activation, reduced IL-10 levels, and inhibited HSP-70 and HSP-10, hence worsening bone resorption.