<i>In vitro</i> experiments showed that AMD treatment significantly upregulated CTSK and downregulated ADORA3 and AGER at both mRNA and protein levels in BEAS-2B cells, and enhanced cell migration and invasion.<h4>Conclusion</h4>This study identifies CTSK, ADORA3, and AGER as key genes in AIPF pathogenesis through a comprehensive bioinformatics and ML approach. The gene discussed is CTSK; the disease is age-related macular degeneration.