TNF and Miscarriage: Enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction revealed 69 key genes in critical pathways, with <i>IL6</i>, <i>TNF</i>, and <i>ACTB</i> as hub genes.<h4>Discussion</h4>These findings contribute to establishing genetic markers for RPL screening in the Chinese population, enhancing our understanding of miscarriage etiology and facilitating prenatal diagnosis.