BRAF and pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma: While it exhibits overlapping histological features with various CNS tumors, such as polymorphous low-grade neuroepithelial tumor of the young (PLNTY) and pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma, its molecular pathogenesis and clinical behavior remain incompletely understood.<h4>Case presentation</h4>We report a rare case of HPAP with BRAF p.V600E mutation and PLNTY-like histological features that showed rapid tumor progression during long-term follow-up.