This study evaluated circulating cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α), adipokines (adiponectin, resistin), myokines (GDF-15, BDNF, myostatin), health-related biomarkers (IGF-1, IGFBP-3), and physical performance (five-times chair stand, grip strength) in pre-frail and frail older adult women classified as having low appendicular lean mass (LALM), obesity, or obesity plus LALM.<h4>Methods</h4>In this cross-sectional study, community-dwelling women aged ≥65 years from São Paulo, Brazil were screened (July 2022-September 2023); among 280 eligible, 88 met Fried frailty criteria. This evidence concerns the gene GDF15 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.