S100B and infection: Severe hypotension (OR: 2.56 (1.18, 4.75), p = 0.022), longer sedation duration (OR: 1.09 (1.02, 1.18), p = 0.017), ICU-acquired infections (OR: 1.61(0.73, 3.54), p = 0.021), and elevated S100B (OR: 1.72 (0.66, 3.65), p = 0.03) were associated with encephalopathy.