NPPB and metabolic syndrome: Internal validation and calibration were assessed using bootstrap resampling (1,000 iterations) with an optimism-corrected concordance index (C-index) and calibration plots, and clinical utility was evaluated using decision curve analysis (DCA).<h4>Results</h4>Univariate analysis showed higher body mass index (BMI), larger left atrial diameter (LAD), higher B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels, and higher prevalences of dyslipidemia, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), and persistent AF in patients with early recurrence (all <i>p</i> < 0.05).