<h4>Background</h4>The present study aims to investigate the impact of stroke history on cognitive function, white matter hyperintensities (WMHs), and circulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in brain lesion patients.<h4>Methods</h4>In this study, we enrolled 228 individuals exhibiting clinical symptoms of stroke from the Golestan Cohort Study. Here, BDNF is linked to Stroke.