SOD1 and Insulin resistance: Moreover, the combined treatment markedly decreased ovarian oxidative stress markers (ROS and MDA) and enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (GPx, SOD, GSH), surpassing the effects of either agent alone.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Combined administration of metformin and curcumin demonstrated synergistic therapeutic effects in PCOS rats by concurrently addressing insulin resistance and oxidative stress.