Emerging evidence suggests sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors may confer neuroprotective benefits compared to dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors.<h4>Objective</h4>To compare the risk of incident dementia among patients with T2DM initiating SGLT2 inhibitors versus DPP-4 inhibitors.<h4>Methods</h4>A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials was conducted through June 1, 2025. Here, DPP4 is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.