NPPB and cancer: Time-to-event analyses used Kaplan-Meier methods and Cox proportional-hazards models with Greenwood 95% confidence bands and Schoenfeld diagnostics; prespecified subgroup analyses evaluated age, diabetes, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and NT-proBNP strata.<h4>Results</h4>Of 403 eligible patients (cancer, 174; non-cancer, 229; median follow-up, 36 months), PSM yielded 306 patients (153 per group) with excellent covariate balance.