RNASEL and viral infectious disease: While ΔVA-induced granules were PKR-dependent, ΔE4 mutants induced RLB-like granules independently of PKR and RNase L. In these cells, granule assembly coincided with translational arrest independent of eIF2α phosphorylation, indicating additional pathways linking nuclear dsRNA sensing to translational control and RNP granule assembly during viral infection.