SCD and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: The mechanism of Yizong Tongluo Formula (YZTLF), a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) herbal formulation and effective pharmaceutical agent for the clinical treatment of IPF, remains unclear.<h4>Methods</h4>This study investigated the immunomodulatory and anti-fibrotic mechanisms of YZTLF for this IPF subtype by focusing on the HIF-1α/LSH/SCD1 signaling pathway and ferroptosis-induced inflammatory injury.