While anifrolumab inhibits the type I interferon receptor 1 (IFNAR1) and is approved for the treatment of moderate-to-severe SLE, randomized controlled trials have not evaluated its efficacy in NPSLE.<h4>Methods</h4>We examined the pathophysiological rationale for inhibiting IFN-α using anifrolumab in NPSLE. Here, IFNAR1 is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.