Targeted interventions-including TLR4 antagonists (TAK-242), IL-1-pathway inhibitors (anakinra; the caspase-1 inhibitor VX-765), NLRP3 inhibitors (MCC950), and complement-directed strategies-reduce seizure burden, mitigate hippocampal atrophy, and, when administered early, attenuate maladaptive network remodeling. The gene discussed is TLR4; the disease is Atrophy.