ACHE and Cognitive impairment: Currently approved drugs for Alzheimer's disease, such as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and NMDA receptor antagonists, show limited efficacy and poor prognosis, highlighting the urgent need for safe and effective alternative treatments.<h4>Methods</h4>Plant-derived polysaccharides (PDPs) possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and immunomodulatory activities, and polysaccharides derived from traditional Chinese medicine, in particular, show great potential for treating cognitive disorders.