This study explored the potential utility of QuantiFERON-TB Gold (QFT), serum High Mobility Group Box 1 protein (HMGB1), and microRNA-221 (miRNA-221) relative expression as biomarkers to aid in distinguishing tuberculosis-related intrathoracic lymphadenopathy (TBIL) from sarcoidosis-related intrathoracic lymphadenopathy (SAIL). Here, HMGB1 is linked to tuberculosis.