PPARG and infection: Cinnamaldehyde (CNM) supplementation improved metabolic indices, reduced inflammatory cytokines, restored PPARγ and Nrf2 activation, enhanced Akt-mediated eNOS phosphorylation, and normalized endothelial-dependent vasorelaxation.<h4>Conclusions</h4><i>Pg</i> infection and HFD act as synergistic metabolic and vascular stressors that accelerate endothelial dysfunction through coordinated disruption of PPARγ/Akt/eNOS and Nrf2 pathways, while CNM provides substantial protective effects.