SOD1 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: Astaxanthin at 20 μM significantly reduced FFA-induced TG (56.8%) and TC (63.6%) contents and restored SOD activity to 60% of that in the control group.<h4>Conclusion</h4>The Phycoerythrin-SOD probe serves as an efficient tool for dynamic monitoring of SOD activity in NAFLD.