MKNK1 and glioblastoma: <h4>Background</h4>The profound heterogeneity of glioblastoma and the often-limited efficacy of conventional treatments, including arsenic trioxide (ATO), underscore the urgent and critical demand for innovative combination strategies specifically designed to overcome treatment resistance.<h4>Methods</h4>We evaluated the therapeutic effects of ATO as a single agent and in combination with the MNK1 inhibitor AUM001 across patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models and investigated molecular determinants of sensitivity and synergy.