GDF15 and chronic kidney disease: Moreover, in vitro experiments revealed that NFE2L2, NNMT and GDF15 were upregulated in TGF-β1-treated HK-2 cells.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Our study confirms NNMT, GDF15, ACSL1, DLD, NFE2L2, PARP1, and NR4A1 as significantly upregulated biomarkers associated with ferroptosis in CKD progression, suggesting their potential as novel targets for CKD diagnosis and treatment.