CASP3 and in situ carcinoma: This research aimed to assess the hepatoprotective potential of VS in rat models of cisplatin-induced liver toxicity, focusing on oxidative markers including reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as the roles of caspase-3 inhibition and modulation of retinoid X receptor-alpha (RXR-α) in its mechanism.<h4>Methods</h4>In this study, adult male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups: control, VS-treated, cisplatin-treated, and CIS + VS co-treated.