LTBR and hepatocellular carcinoma: While persistent LTβR signaling supports immunosuppressive macrophage phenotypes and promotes tumor growth in hepatocellular carcinoma, preclinical models of colorectal and cervical cancer have demonstrated that LTβR activation induces tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs), high endothelial venules (HEVs), and immune infiltration, thereby improving responsiveness to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB).