CYCS and Parkinson disease: Apoptotic markers, such as Cytochrome C, Bax, and Caspase-3, were downregulated, indicating reduced neuronal apoptosis.<h4>Conclusion</h4>The current study suggests that lupeol exerts neuroprotective effects by inhibiting glial cell activation, thereby reducing neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in an MPTP-induced PD mouse model.