Mechanistically, MNP exposure stimulated thyroid follicular cell pyroptosis by upregulation of key pyroptotic mediators including NLRP3, CASPASE1, and GSDMD, driven by NF-κB signaling pathway activation.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Collectively, these findings provide novel mechanistic insights into MNP-induced thyroid toxicity and highlight the critical role of follicular cell pyroptosis, contributing to our understanding of the adverse health consequences associated with environmental plastic pollution. Here, NLRP3 is linked to thyroiditis.