Correlation analysis indicated that the relative abundance of specific bacterial families was significantly correlated with PD motor function indicators, the expression levels of α-syn mRNA in the midbrain SN, the TLR4/NF-κB pathway, and inflammatory indicators.<h4>Conclusion</h4>This study demonstrates a key role of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in the microbiota-gut-brain axis of a rotenone-induced PD mouse model, where gut microbiota dysbiosis exhibits a significant correlation with inflammation induced by TLR4/NF-κB activation. The gene discussed is TLR4; the disease is Parkinson disease.