PSEN1 and depressive symptom measurement: Finally, qRT-PCR validated the alternations of depression-related genes in depression-like mouse models, and <i>in vitro</i> experiments confirmed that PSEN1 facilitated cell proliferation in LUAD.<h4>Conclusions</h4>The molecular profile defined by the DRS can serve as an independent overall survival predictor and improve individualized treatment and clinical decision for LUAD patients.