TGFB1 and infection: The initial mechanism study revealed that <i>Plasmodium</i> infection significantly reduced the expression levels of pSTAT3 and TGFβ in tumor tissues, providing direct evidence that <i>Plasmodium</i> infection activated the antitumor immune responses.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Based on our past and current studies, we can draw the following conclusion: <i>Plasmodium</i> infection fully remodels and activates the immune system, targets and inhibits the entire tumor ecosystem through the key signals of pSTAT3 and TGFβ.