In terms of oncogene-addicted non-small-cell lung cancer, adjuvant treatment of completely resected disease with the third-generation EGFR inhibitor osimertinib in patients harboring activating <i>EGFR</i> mutations or the second-generation ALK inhibitor alectinib in patients with an <i>ALK</i> fusion/translocation has brought about a paradigm shift by significantly improving event-free survival and, in the case of osimertinib, overall survival. This evidence concerns the gene ALK and non-small cell lung carcinoma.