EGFR and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: An ESCC xenograft model was used to assess antitumor efficacy in vivo.<h4>Results</h4>Five major BV components and 363 ESCC-related targets were identified, highlighting the PI3K-AKT pathway and key nodes such as EGFR, AKT1, SRC, TP53, and GPX4.