TNF and rheumatoid arthritis: <i>In vitro</i>, GDEVs significantly suppressed the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-1β and downstream mediators IL-6, Cox-2, and matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3) and inhibited the proliferation and migration of RA synovial fibroblasts.